The Protocols of the (Learned) Elders of Zion is one of many titles given to an antisemitic text purporting to describe a plan to achieve global domination by the Jewish people. Following its first public publication in 1903 in the Russian Empire, a series of articles printed in The Times in 1921 revealed that much of the material was directly plagiarized from earlier works of political satire unrelated to Jews.
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in 1632[]
The notorious pamphlet Pestis Pontifica, Pestis Judaica contained lengthy quotations from The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. The matter was studied by Michael Stearns and Francisco Nasi, considering that the so-called Protocols must have come from an up-timer, since the text was quoted literally and it had not been created until the nineteenth century.